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\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 1897 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 1997 \u0640 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0640 \u0645\u0646 1897 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1913 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1921 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1946 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1951 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1978* \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1982 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/strong> \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1897 \u0640 1913: \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 11 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0640<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1*\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1897 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 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\u0645\u0646\u0630 1882.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0633\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0626\u0630 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0640 \u00b7<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1 \u0640 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2 \u0640 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3 \u0640 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4 \u0640 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5 \u0640 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1898 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0631\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0644\u062c\u0623\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1899\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1900\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 400 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0640 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1901\u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0626\u0630 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0636\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u00bb \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1903 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0640 \u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 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\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0635\u062d \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u064f\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0635\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u00bb \u0628\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0633 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0640 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0625\u0630 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0647 570 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 1572 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7<\/strong> \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1905.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u00b7 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00b7 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0648\u0641\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 8<\/strong> \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1907\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0644\u0645\u0627 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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064f\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0640 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 9<\/strong> \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1909\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 10<\/strong> \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1911\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0633 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 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\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 11<\/strong> \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1913\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0633 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0640 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: 1921- 1946<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 130 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 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