\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631
(\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644).
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 Henry Campbell-Bannerman , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 Campbell.
\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642
\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 (\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 (\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a). \u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a:
(\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u2013 \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c
\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629) \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 (\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644) \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 (\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646).
\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u2026 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a)
\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.
\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645
1907 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a:
(\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u2013 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u2013 \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u2013 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627).
\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644.
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a, \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0626 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651:
“\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629:” \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627:
(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u2013 \u0635 121 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1905 \u2013 1907 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a).
“\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.
” \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0627”.
” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627.”
\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627: \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629) (Buffer State) \u0648\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a “\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644”.
(\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u2013 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u0641\u0629)
(\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 15-11-2020 www.aljazeera.net)
\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 :
\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629:
\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627:” \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 , \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645, \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a,\u2026”
\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644) \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 Railyaoum.com)
\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:” \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u2013 \u06372 \u2013 \u062f. \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644).
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a: ” \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 “\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b \u0628 \u201c\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 “\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627.
“\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629:
“\u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643:
\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629”
(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647)
\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:
\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.
\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644.
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(- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.)
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\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646: ” \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 (\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0628\u0644) Henry John Temple\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 Palmerston “\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1840,\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646:
“\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647”.
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\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 – 25 \u2013 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u2013 2024 almayadeen.com)
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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 : \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 – 1917
\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 : \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u064a – 1919
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\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627 : \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631 – 1920
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\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 : \u0633\u0644\u062e \u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627 – 1936
\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627 : \u0633\u0644\u062e \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 – 1939
\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627 : \u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 – 1948
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